Article Critique Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Article Critique Genetically Modified Food EssayThe article by Amin, Jahi and Nor was conducted in Malaysia to surface out the stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine (1). In particular, the investigators were interested to know the attitude towards GM insulin/medicine, GM touch oil and GM soybean. They designed the hire as a survey with 1017 respondents. They found that the Malaysian stakeholders are cautious about the genetically modified foods. They agreed that genetically modified foods commit compassd benefits but at the same time they were concerned about the clean-living aspects and risks associated with the GM Foods. A closer analysis revealed difference stakeholders attitudes towards GM foods. entitle The title stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine was precise and clearly thought out. Readers are well informed of what to expect as they engage with the study findings. However, the title missed on the study area. A good title must inform readers where the study is conducted. Abstract The researchers adopted non structure abstract. They were able to load out the background leading to the study, the pur give of survey, research approaches they used trough the study and the findings.With regard to this they managed to give a brief overview of the research J unitarys 2 and advertize letting readers know what their study entailed and what they found out. A structured abstract would have been more(prenominal) desirable as it enlists each of the study sections. However, depending with the journal requirements and authors interests they best-loved non structured abstract to one that is structured. Purpose of the Study The investigators clearly pointed out the aim of the study. They assessed and compared the attitudes of the Malaysian stakeholders living in the Klang Valley towards genetically modified insulin, palm oil and soybeans.This was influenced by the findings from the other studies. For i nstance, other studies revealed that the advancement in technology led to increased production of GM Foods. In addition, they found that biotechnology is one of the five major technologies that are planned to speed industrialization in Malaysia. However, owing to the divisive debate on genetically modified foods, the researchers saw the command for this study. Therefore, it has clear cut intent of telling where Malaysians attitudes leans and what measures should be put in place to better their attitude.Research Approaches The investigators adopted a well defined research approach. They designed the study as a survey which was conducted from June, 2004 to February, 2005. The sample size was 107 respondents above 18 years. They were selected through stratification sampling which enabled the generalization of the findings and minimized aslope that could result from sample selection. In addition, they collected the data through administering questionnaire and ensured that reliability and validity of the study are all accounted for.However, the researchers did not tell the readers how they met the ethical principles, particularly principles of ethics of beneficence and Jones 3 justice. They didnt point out whether they consulted any ethical institution or whether they sought consent before recruiting the respondents. Results The study findings were self-consistent with the objective. The findings centered on six dimensions of the stakeholders attitudes including moral concerns, perceived benefits, familiarity, encouragement, risk acceptance and perceived risks. From the findings it was clear that majority of the stakeholders were not familiar with the three GM products.It was more surprising when the findings indicated that biology students were more familiar with the GM palm oil and GM soybeans than religious scholars. The findings further established that stakeholders are moderately concerned with the moral aspects of the GM products, moderately perceive the products as risky and moderately perceive the GM products as beneficial. All the same they encouraged the use of the three products, with about stakeholders supportive of GM palm oil. These findings were consistent with the other studies. For instance, in China, study by Zhang et al.(19) indicated that consumers were not familiar with GM products yet domestic consumption of GM soybeans was about 18% of the interviewees that were consuming soybeans. In addition, the findings were consistent with earlier studies by ISAAA-UIUC (14-15) which found that Asians accept GM foods but at the same acknowledge the risks they pose to health. Based on these consistencies, the study met the rigor of trustworthiness, applicability and reliability. The conclusions were drawn from the study. The investigators concluded that the Malaysian stakeholders attitude on GM products was cautious.Indeed, this is in tandem with the findings that the stakeholders moderately perceive the GM products as both bene ficial and Jones 4 detrimental to health. In addition the implications of the study were reported in the conclusion. They noted that the biotechnologists should assess the moral aspects, risks and benefits of the GM foods and thereafter engage the public on acceptance of the products before considering commercialization of the products. However, the researcher failed to point out the limitations of the study as well as the areas that select further research.Work CitedAmin, Latifah Jahi, Jamaluddin and Nor Abd. Stakeholders attitude to GM foods and medicine. The Scientific World Journal. 2013. Jones 5 International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), The social and cultural dimensions of sylvan biotechnology in Southeast Asia public understanding, perceptions, and attitudes towards biotechnology in Phillipines. ISAAA. Publications. Zhang, Xi Huang, Jin Qiu, Ha and Huang, Zheng. A consumer segmentati on study with regards to genetically modified food in urban China. Food Policy. 355. 2010.

Kant vs. Hegel Essay Example for Free

Kant vs. Hegel EssayHegels concept of the exacting Idea claims that there is a universal and ideal received that is continuously being revealed throughout history, in various forms of tender-hearted expression. The Absolute Idea can be interpreted as God, nature, spirit, or reality. With art, there is no such thing as device for Arts sake because art is a manifestation of the unfolding of the Absolute Idea. In Hegels Art History, the progression of art is always moving closer to ultimate reality, because spiritual realization is teleological. The Absolute is fully realized when form and content are harmonious and concrete in their depiction of spirit and man. Beauty is dependent upon these things.For Hegel, the classical period is characterized by the depiction of ideal beauty in the perfect human body in ancient Greek sculpture. However, the concreteness of the human body is later seen as limited for not representing spirit and imagination in a more abstract form. Therefo re, Hegels ideal of beauty is ever changing according to Arts development in history, and his terms. In other words, Hegel calls the shots. In demarcation line to Hegel, Kants philosophy of art was a deliberate attempt to remove personal subjectivity. Like Hegel, Kant did believe there was a universal beauty, or Absolute of something, except Kant did not have any references to measure this by.For Kant, we can only come to know what is really beautiful when one has no agenda, concept, or comparability to measure the object with. From Kants perspective, Hegel is attached to all of these things, and therefore he can not really know beauty outside of his own perception. It is an transcendental inner knowing, versus a cognitive knowing. This is significantly different from Hegels ideal of beauty, since knowing what is really beautiful can never be answered concretely, but or else intuitively.

Advantages of Good Agricultural Practices

Advantages of Good pastoral PracticesSWAGATA SETHGood Agricultural Practices tarradiddleThe U. S in 1998 issued a guidance under which the befoulment of fresh fruits and vegetables and how to reduce it was given by Food and Drug Administration was there. (USDA, 2011). In 2002 commotion was established by the agengy which argon existed so they donot require any reauthorization. ( National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, 2014)Good agricultural practices have main points of food safety with the points like garner, transportation of products and advice the grower to implement the general recommendation of adopted the best management practices( Sudheer Indria, 2007). Good agricultural practices ar the practices which are used for the honourable economic conditions and besides social conditions as well as it encompasses environment al issues for the commercialisation and good market value of horticultural and agricultural products as well as it tries to give good quality food which is healthier, safer, nutritious to the consumers( The Columbia electronic Encyclopedia, 2012). Good agricultural practices also includes non-food products as well as processing foods. These practices wanton the food more safe from consumption point of view(Anonymous, 2008). upgradeing practices includes a very large scope of good agricultural practices at divers(prenominal) at different levels. In these practices sustainable agriculture manners are also included(TNAU, 2015).Rules and regulations for the good agricultural practices includes a huge number of activities which may include from the product which are in the farm at cultivation stage, because it also includes the fields the polyhouses, type of fertilisers, seeds which is used then irrigation facilities, pesticides, composting, then interculture operations and then harvesting and also the process which are done outside the fields, like the processing of the products or the products may go through with(predicate) a long distri just nowing channel which includes the middleman, producer and different agents, retailers upto the consumer that is the consumption point(Watts, 2012).ObjectivesGood agricultural practices needs to keep a proper record of the production process or the technologies which is required for processing or for harvesting of each crops for the areas which are very much good or eventful agricultural based and ecological regions, and to collect and then plan and the execute then the final process of distri furtherion the knowledge in that major regions (ANONYMOUS, 2015).Good agricultural practices is required for the following reasonsThere may be contamination in the products which may be biological like fungi, bacteria, viruses, attack when the products are in the field or they are brought to home, although washing, cleaning and cooking push aside kill the pathogen but if consumed raw then harm can occur (Eaton Watson, 2012).Some of the important factors which should be ke ep in mind for Good agricultural practices. 1. race of products -a)Washing of products are necessary to remove the dust particles, chemicals, soil pathogen, microorganisms with fresh piss( Srivastava Kumar, 2009).b) Clean and fresh water is necessary when tanks are used. Paddle conveyor washers and rotary machines are used for washing(Gupta, 2015).2. Cleaning cleaning is a practice where the unwanted materials are removed which may be the green, yellow brown, dead insects soggy parts of fruits or other undesirable items either by hand picking or mechanically( Sharma, 2009).3. Sanitation-is necessary to prevent the promotion of diseases from one item to another, also centiliter is used of 100-150 ppm to prevent the spread of pathogen( Kitinoja Kader, 2003).4. Transportation-highway trailers is oftenly used in transportation of fresh products ( Vigneault, 2015). It is an intregal part of post harvest handling and distribution is done through railway tracks, airplane, trucks. vent ilation during the cool time in night and refrigrirated automobiles results in good preservation. ( Peter, 2009)5. Manures-By the process of exposing the manure to higher temperature and by aerobic compost method microbial attacks can be minisime. After applying the manure in the field cover it with some plastic cover or grasses or mulches to get dislodge from physical contamination(Ellis, 2004).6. Water- The draining facility and pesticides loss by running off should be checked and soil salinization should be checked. (Anonymous, 2015). By irrigation water contaminations can be there back to the fruits and vegetables and also surface water is more contaminated( Sudheer and Indira, 2007). Drip irrigation Should be restricted and it not only saves water pollution but also good quality of products can be achieved(Singha, 2013).7. Equipment and Employee hygiene-employee hygiene is very necessary as because many contaminations may take palce through this so proper handling of crops, ha nd washing equipments cleaniness, fresh dress, adequate washroom facilities, using soaps etc(Chapman, 2015).8. Pesticides or herbicides Some herbicide is having stimulatory effects on the workings pathogens and reduces or promotes the diseases severity. priggish understanding of effectiveness pattern of pesticides and effects with pathogen will give the proper use of pesticides( Devi, 1987). Surveillance and monitoring of pesticides residues should be recorded to keep the products free from contamination(Sudheer Indira, 2009).9. lay harvest handling-the things which are required after harvesting the crops like transportation, equipments, cold storage etc packaging materials(Jayachandhran, 2005). Flower intent can be increase by adopting new technologies at right time, with proper length and storage technology, pulsing with sugar(Bhattacharjee, 1999). Application of calcium based chemicals increase the post harvest life reducimg the handling losses of crops by minimizing the rat e of respiration(Jayachandaran, 2005).Benefits of Using ranchProper adoption and managing of GAP increases the quality of the products and also raw foods, pr processed foods. this GAP also helps for sustainable agricultural and also the environment(Akkaya, Yalcin, 2015).Hurdels Of GAPThere are many hurdles related to GAP like increases in production cost, because of retentivity databases for various govt. Schemes which are available and the schemes and procedures which are followed in the farmers. The farmers do not know property about the various measures or step that should be taken as GAP and also about the Technologies( Tilman Kenneth, 2008 ).ConclusionSo i have concluded that good agricultural practices are important for the most important thing that is human health followed by the ecocomic value of the products. And all the main factors should be always kept in mind as without this the possibility of contamination of food increases.BibliographyAkkaya, F and Yalcin, R. (20 15). Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Its Implementation in Turkey. University of Adonis, Antalya/Turkey. http//www. researchgate. net/profile/Burhan_Ozkan/publication/237651514_Good_Agricultural_Practices_(GAP)_and_Its_Implementation_in_Turkey/links/0046352da96b8c102e000000. pdf, retrieved on May 23.Anonymous. (2015). Good Agricultural Practices. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Good agricultural practice, retrieved on May 26.Bhatacharjee, S. K. (1999). blank space harvest management of cut flowers cut foliage and post production management of potted plant. Journal of ornamental horticulture. Indian society of ornamental horticulture. Vol-15(12) Jan June 2012, p-116.Chapman, B. (2015). Good Agricultural Practices for Small Diversified Farms Tips and Strategies to Reduce Risk and Pass an Audit. North Carolina State University and the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association. http//www. carolinafarmstewards. org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/CFSA_GAPS-web. pdf, retrived on May 23.Devi, K. K. (1987). Effect of herbicides on growth of phytopathogeneic fungi in soil. Dept of Botany Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, pp 1-2.Eaton, J. (2007). Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). University of Kentucky cooperative extension services. http//www. uky. edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/gap. pdf, retrieved on May 24.Ellis. J. (2004). On-farm Food Safety Guide to Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs). Iowa extension university. https//store. extension. iastate. edu/Product/pm1974a-pdf, retrieved on May 22.FAO(2008). Good agricultural practices. http//www. fao. org/prods/gap/, retrived on May 22.Gupta, S. (2015). New development in technologies of fruits. In food processing and agro based industries. EIRI project consultants and Publishers, Roop Nagar, New Delhi, p 110Jayachandhran, K. S. (2005). Post harvest sprays of different sources of calcium to improve the shelf life of fruits. Indian daybook of horticulture. The horticulture society of india. Vol 62. no. 01. pp 66-70Kit inoja, L and Kader, A. (2003). Postharvest Horticulture Series No. 8E. Small-Scale Postharvest Handling Practices A manual of arms for Horticultural Crops (4th Edition). http//ucce. ucdavis. edu/files/datastore/234-1450. pdf, retrieved on May 23.National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition. (2014). Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices Audit verification programme. http//sustainableagriculture. net/publications/grassrootsguide/food-safety/good-agricultural-practices-and-good-handling-practices-audit-verification-program/, retrived on June 1.Peter, K. V. (2009). Post harvest management of fruits and vegetables. In Basics of Horticulture. New India Publishing Agengy, Pitam Pura, New Delhi. pp 205Sharma, A. (2009). Introduction. In Text intensity of food science and technology, International Book distributing co. Lucknow, U. P, pp 5-6Singha, K. (2013). Evaluation of water requirement and level of fertigation on cabbage(brassica oleracea) green express with or nutitiona l black film mulch. Dept of Horticulture. Assam Agricultural university, pp 5-6Sreevastava, R. P and Kumar, S. (2009). Canning and bottling of fruits and vegetables. In Fruit and vegetables preservation principles and practices, International book Distribution Co, Lucknow, U. P, p 102Sudheer, K. P and Indira. (2007). Quality of fresh and processed products. InPost harvest technology of horticultural crops, Pitam Pura, New Delhi-110088, p 250The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2012, Columbia Agriculture General. http//www. infoplease. com/encyclopedia/science/good-agricultural-practices. html /, retrived on May 2015.Tilman. D, et al. (2008). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature international weekly journal of science doi10. 1038/nature01014, pp 418, 671-677TNAU Agriportal Publications Good Agricultural Practices. (2014). http//agritech. tnau. ac. in/gap_gmp_glp/gap_about. html, retrieved on May 25.USDA, (2011). Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices Audit Verification Program. http//www. ams. usda. gov/AMSv1. 0/getfile?dDocName=stelprdc5097151, retrived on June 1.Vigneault, C. (2009). Transportation of fresh horticultural produce. Postharvest Technologies for Horticultural Crops, Vol. 2 978-81-308-0356-2, pp 1-24Watts, C. (2012). Good agricultural practices and gap certification. Good agricultural practices. https//gillingsproject. wordpress. com/good-agricultural-practices-and-gap-certification/, retrieved on May 23.

Car Accidents: Causes, Statistics and Prevention

Car Accidents Causes, Statistics and PreventionIntroductionCars today play a vital role in our lives. They bring ease and satisfaction to our lives, because these vehicles second us transport from one place to another without exerting so much essay on it. Wherever you desire to go cars atomic number 18 the fast and easiest solution for your problems.Plus its mostly used in our daily activities, transportation from theme to school safely, going on road trips since you forget not be able to walk carrying your luggage easily, etcetera In addition, it comes in handy during emergencies.Moreover, cars are helpful when it comes to safety, but accidents sometimes occur. Scientists and mechanics are attempting to overcome accidents by trying to figure out the faults behind the car.As explained in Importance of Cars article, submitted on June 25th, 2012.Reasons behind car accidentsThere are plenty of reasons behind car accidentsThe fixedness of the carFor example, in Ireland it is one of the biggest factors that contribute to road deaths. Excessive and out or keeping(p) repair causes more than 40% of deadly collisions.Excessive speed is when you cross the speed limit.The table below explains how a small difference in the speed of the car could be the difference between the life and the death of a defenseless pedestrian.The figure below sums up the stopping distance of the car in wet conditions.While the other figure explains the stopping distance of the car in normal conditions.The pictures above are provided by Holroyd City Council Australia.Driving in FogFog can be defined with thick cloud of tiny drops of water in the air according to Oxford Learners bag Dictionary. It makes madcap perilous in these conditions, since it reduces visibility to rough 400 metres.How fog affects visionFirst of all, the ones vision of speed is twisted. He might think that a vehicle is driving die awayer than it actually is, as a result to the lowered distinction. Furthermore, as this person will not be able to pass judgment his own speed by taking a look at his surrounding, since he is enclosed by a foggy atmosphere.Secondly, distance may be underestimated. Since people distinguish between far and nearby vehicles based on whether they are blurry or not. As a distant object or vehicle might appear blurry, and the drivers mind will interpret that the object is actually far. Therefore accidents are more likely to dispense place.DistractionIf a person diverts his attention away from the road it can cause an accident. Whether that person is adjusting the stereo, using his cell phone, or even a misdirection outside on the streets, it all might happen in a split of a second.As explained in the picture above, using a fluid phone while driving will reduce the drivers reaction time as decompress as a 70 class old.Driving under influenceDriving under the influence of alcohol leads to accidents, because its like a tranquillizer and a powerful depressant drug, so it leadens down brain functions. The brains ability of processing information is affected by alcohol. As it diminishes consciousness and sightA drunk driver would find it toilsome tojudge the speed of your vehicleJudge the distance between your car and other carsNotice traffic lights, pedestrians and other hazardsConcentrate on the task of drivingKeep your balance, especially if you are riding a motorcycleStay awake when you are driving and react appropriately to things going on around you, particularly if an unexpected hazard should suddenly appear.As reported by the Department of Transport. Furthermore, a person may take more risks than usual, and alcohol would slow down their nervous system, and some people may not react at all.Here are some statisticsEvery 53 minutes in America, someone is killed in a drunk driving crash. That equates to 27 people every day.211 children were killed in drunk driving crashes in 2010. Of those 211 children, 62% were riding in the car with the imp aired driver.How Physics Improves Car SafetySeatbeltsAccording to Sir Isaac Newton in his 1st law which is if the resultant force is zero, then the object willIf stationary, remain stationary.If moving, keep moving at a steady speed in a straight line.During the accident, forced are exerted on the car. But not directly to the passenger, since he will keep moving even when the car comes to a stop. They might even hit the steering wheel or go out through the window. The speed of the car before it crashes is sharply equal to the speed of the passenger when it hits anything inside the car. Thats why seatbelts are made to slow the driver down.Again, Newtons 2nd law states thatThe acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.This law is be by the equation below. When the accident occurs the seatbelt diminishes the stopping distance. As explained in the diagram thats on the left.The total force exerted on the passengers dea d body equals the mass of the vehicle times the vehicles acceleration. When seatbelts are used in the correct way, they lessen the external force of the accident and allocate the initial inertia of the collision across the body. Throughout crashes, seatbelts reduce a lot of force sensed by the passenger and lessen the severity of that persons injury.AirbagsWhen the persons head jolts forward during the vehicle crash, it will be protected by the airbags that inflate whenever the car crashes from certain aspects. So basically, its purpose is to help reduce the passengers speed when they collide with the interior vehicle without getting injured.Each and every object in a car has mass, speed and direction (velocity). If a person is not secured inside a car he will continue moving in the same direction (forward, or depending on the crash itself), with the same speed as the cars, and when the car comes to a stop, until a force is exerted on that person.This passenger has momentum. So in exhibition to stop it, a force has to act on them. Such as airbags that provide impulse. The more time the force has to act on the passenger to slow them down, the less damage caused to the passenger.The airbag has a certain amount of time to inflate when the car crashes with another object, and then the passenger hits the steering wheel. After the collision occurs in 15-20 milliseconds, the crash sensors will decide whether to inflate or ot to inflate the airbag (6-10km/h). If the sensors decide to puff up the airbag it Is about 25 milliseconds after the collision.The airbag takes about 20 milliseconds to inflate, so the person can crash onto it.The person has made contact with the airbag around 60 milliseconds, and then it begins to deflate. The deflation process take about 35-40 milliseconds.Today, airbags can be nominate in different places in the vehicle. Such as the head airbags, steering wheel airbag, passenger airbag, and side airbags,Even though airbags are found, the pass enger lock in has to buckle his or her seatbelt, because it will decrease his injury.Rule and Regulations In CanadaFog. (n.d.).The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from Dictionary.com websitehttp//dictionary.reference.com/browse/foghttp//www.roadsafetymayo.ie/CausesofAccidents/http//www.roadsafetymayo.ie/media/Media,4515,en.pdfhttp//boltsaction.com/the-importance-of-cars-in-our-lives/http//kimenglish9.wordpress.com/2010/12/09/car-accidents/http//ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/211.web.stuff/sill/http//www.who.int/world-health-day/ antecedent/2004/en/traffic_facts_en.pdfhttp//www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1830396?uid=3738872uid=2uid=4sid=21104009116417http//www.roadsafetymayo.ie/CausesofAccidents/http//seriousaccidents.com/legal-advice/top-causes-of-car-accidents/fog/http//tristanmac.tripod.com/id14.htmlhttp//books.google.ps/books?id=kE9wMh6DjlMCpg=PA94dq=how+roads+improve+car+safety+physicshl=ensa=Xei=XDlxU9eLEaLe7Aax2ICoDAved=0CCgQ6AEwAAv=on epageq=how%20roads%20improve%20car%20safety%20physicsf=falsehttps//www.google.ps/search?q=how+seatbelts+workoq=seatbelts+workaqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l3.3914j0j4sourceid=chromeie=UTF-8http//tristanmac.tripod.com/id8.htmlhttp//www.transport.wa.gov.au/mediaFiles/licensing/LBU_DL_B_AlcoholAndDriving.pdf

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato total heat peroxide is a common by-product produced during metabolism in living organisms. On accumulation, hydrogen peroxide can have various implications on living cells such as skin disorders (Schallreuter Rokos 2006). Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide gives come out of the closet right water and oxygen, as shown by the equation 2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g).The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is low and it can be increased by an enzyme called Catalase. An enzyme is essentially a biological catalyst that can increase the rate of reaction but remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction (Pang 1997, p.63). Catalase readily speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide at a rate of millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules per second (Goodsell 2004). It is particularly important in liver cells and kidney cells for removal of both toxins present in the blood stream to maintain health (Alberts et al. 2002).By varying th e temperatures using water baths and measuring the time taken for first frothy and when bubbling remains constant, the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide can be calculated by the reciprocals of the measured time. The temperature at which the reaction rate is the sterling(prenominal) is referred to as optimum temperature (Pang 1997, p.70). That is the say, enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide the most effectively at this temperature.AimsIn this experiment, the influence of temperature on the natural process catalase is examined. We aim to find out how its activity changes over a range of temperatures, in order to establish the optimum temperature of this enzyme catalysed reaction.MethodsEquipmentWater bath (10C, 35C, 45C, 60C)IceBeakers x2 (for the icing bath)Thermometer (to ensure that the ice bath is Test tubes x10Non-permanent markerTimerHydrogen Peroxide x200mLCork BorerScalpelsWatch glassesAluminium Foil principlePotatoPipettorSafetyHydrogen Peroxi de (H2O2) is corrosive and hence safety glasses must be worn to prevent eye contact.The decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide would produce pure oxygen so combustible materials must be kept well away.Experimental proceduresSet up the following appliance according to the following conditionsTest TubeTemperatureAB35CC45CD60CERoom temperatureLabel the test tubes to be used, according to the above table.Cover the stock H2O2 with aluminium foil to prevent decomposition under light.Prepare enzyme catalase by inserting through the centre of the murphy, with aid of a cork borer.Using the scalpel and ruler, cut 1cm pellets of potato that was extracted with the cork borer.Half-fill a beaker with tap water and add in unkept ice to make water bath for A. Wait for several legal proceeding to allow stabilization of temperature.Insert test tube A, leave for a 3 minutes before using the 10mL pipette to add 8mL H2O2 to the test tube.Add the 1cm pellet of potato to the test tube.Start the timer and record the time requisite for the first bubbling to occur and the time when the sum up of bubbles produced remain constant. Record all observations.Repeat steps 6-8 for test tubes B to E but without increase of ice. Put them directly into the water baths available in the laboratory.Repeat steps 4-10 twice, recording all observations and results.Average the results obtained for test tubes A-E in each experiment (ignoring outliers), and spot your results against temperature.Extrapolate the graph to determine the optimum temperature for enzyme activity.DiscussionTo achieve results with greater accuracy, we have taken several precautions. Firstly, I was the person who recorded the time passim the experiment and this could avoid discrepancy caused by different reaction times among individuals. Secondly, the use of cork borer might ensure uniform sizes of potatoes so that the amount of catalase would be relatively the same. Thirdly, stock H2O2 solution was wrapped to reduce unwanted decomposition under light. Fourthly, test tubes with potatoes were put into the water baths for a few minutes before adding H2O2 and this allowed the temperature of the content to reach that of the water baths. Lastly, no temperature was applied to tube E (at room temperature) and it acted as a control to show that the changes in activity of catalase resulted from changes in temperatures.From our results, enzyme activity is low at very low (0.5C) and high (61.2C) temperatures. At very low temperatures, substrate and enzyme molecules lack energy for collisions and hence fertilization to catalase reactions and at very high temperatures, the alteration of the binding site of enzyme sets in and the denatured enzyme catalyses reactions with decreasing efficiency (Pang 1997, p.70). The optimum temperature for catalase activity was around 35.3C, as indicated by the peak in figure 2. This agrees with the research conducted by Yumoto et al. (1999, p.67), in which catalase works the best at about 30C. However, this does not agree with our findings from figure 1 (optimum temperature at around 40C), whereas the peak activity occurs at 35.3C and 43.5C. This might be explained by the fact that first bubbling occurred within a few seconds on addition of H2O2 to potato and it was difficult to measure this time precisely. Therefore, the time taken for bubbling remained constant might be a develop representation of our experimental outcomes.As regards the observations, it is evident that the colourless gas bubbles are oxygen and the reason why potato sank to the bottom might be explained in terms of density. As dilute H2O2 solution was used, the density of solution can be assumed to be equal to water, which is approximately 0.9970gcm-3 at room temperature (Aylward Findlay 2008, p.154). It is liable to predict that potato is essentially denser than water and thus it sinks. However, the gaseous oxygen produced on the surface of the potato can produce an upthrust to push the potato upwards (Goodwin 2002). Therefore the potato temporally floats on the surface. When the gaseous oxygen is discharged at the surface, the effect of density takes priority again, causing the potato to sink.patronage of careful design of our protocol, some experimental errors could have arisen. The 8ml H2O2 was added on a 4ml basis by a pipettor and the timer was started at the first addition. In some other words, the measured time could have differed from the actual one by several seconds. This inaccuracy might be improved by the use of graduated pipette so that the 8ml solution could be added via one addition without any delays. Moreover, we forgot to dry the test tubes completely in some of our trials and this could have caused dilution of the H2O2. This error could be fixed by the use of long cotton sticks to dry the inner parts of the test tubes. Furthermore, the judgements of whether or not the amount of bubbles remained relatively the same might be inseparable and this problem could be solved by addressing our focus on the record book of oxygen evolved instead. For example, we might collect the oxygen over water and measure the volume of it every 30 seconds for 5 minutes with a calibrated syringe (Morris 2006). In this way, we might achieve a better measurement of the reaction rate. From this disgrace in the design, I realized the importance of consulting more sources rather than relying on our own knowledge as we lack experience in experimental design. resultIn conclusion, enzyme catalase exhibits low activity at low temperatures (0.5C) and high temperatures (61.2C). Its activity is the greatest at around 35C. The experimental set-up was generally satisfactory to diminish errors except of some defects such as the methodology in measuring the rate of the reaction. It is suggested that more research should be done in designing the experimental protocol.

Representations of Native Americans in Dances with Wolves and The Searc

Film is more than the instrument of a representation it is in addition the object of representation. It is not a reflection or a refraction of the real instead, it is the likes of a photograph of the mirrored reflection of a multicolored image. (Kilpatrick) Although films have found a place in society for about a century, the labels they possess, such as stereotypes which Natives American are recognized for, have their grow from many centuries ago (Kilpatrick). The Searchers, a movie directed by John Ford and starred by John Wayne, tells the story of a veteran of the American courtly War and how after his return home he would go after the maligned Indians who killed his family and kidnapped his younger niece. After struggling for five years to recover his niece back, who is forthwith a young woman, she is rescued by his own hands. Likewise, Dances with Wolves is a Western film directed and starred by Kevin Costner. It is also situated during the American Civil War and tells the story of a soldier named John Dunbar that after a suicide attempt he involuntarily leads Union troops to a triumph. Then, by his request he is sent to a remote outpost in the Indian frontier before its gvirtuoso. There, the contact with the natives is eminent and and so it shows how through those contacts this soldier is transformed into another Indian that belongs with the Sioux to tribe and who is now called Dances With Wolves. While both John Ford and Kevin Costner emphasize a desire to cut to the indigenous people, they use similar themes such as stereotypes, miscegenation, and the way characters are depicted conversely, these two movies are different by the way the themes are real within each film. John Fords The Searchers was giving the intention of ap... ... due to the way their roles interact with the Amerind people in the film.As a result, both films represent Natives Americans under the point of view of non-Native directors. Despite the fact that they made use of the fabricated stereotypes in their illustrations of the indigenous people, their portrayal was revolutionary in its own times. Each of the films add in their own way a new approach to the representation of indigenous people, their stories unfold partly unlike. These differences make one look at the indigenous not only as one dimensional beings but as multifaceted beings, as Dunbar say, they are just like us. This is finally a sense of fairness and respect by the non-native populations to the Native Indians.Works CitedJacquelyin Kilpatrick , Celluloid Indians. Native Americans and Film. Lincoln and London University of Nebraska Press, 1999

Comparing Ray Bradbury‟s Fahrenheit 451 and Suzanne Collin‟s The Hunger Games :: compare contrast

Fahrenheit 451 and the Hunger Games are both intertwined with a futuristic version of human entertainment and a society absent of religion. Both societies are subjected to gruesome and brutal activities as a form of enjoyment. The desire for a thrill and an epinephrin rush dominates the minds of most people. In Fahrenheit 451, its very likely that many a(prenominal) people succumb to their deaths from accidents but can considerably replaced by members of the parlor family who they accept as their own. In the same way, The Hunger Games consists of exactly what the title suggests. They are annual games, which include starving and murder and dispense as societys primary source of entertainment. Most people dont enjoy watching the games but, the Capitol forces the districts to watch for it believes they are a dangerous source of entertainment. Seeing how the Hunger Games are basically murdering each other until the last child is standing, it relates closely with the kind of ente rtainment that the society of Fahrenheit 451 provides with the adrenaline and thrill of the same kind. The people in Fahrenheit 451 like their source of entertainment in the way they approach it but the instances of conformity remains the same. This is contradictory that of the people of the districts in The Hunger Games. There is indeed a difference between the both societies yet, in the Hunger Games there is less time for many because so many people are working toward survival, while in Fahrenheit 451, entertainment is something that people do daily. The existence of adrenaline entertainment is uniform in both societies. Yet they differ in whether or not the people actually like the entertainment. Another blaring difference between the two societies in Fahrenheit 451 and the Hunger Games is that of their government. The form of government in Fahrenheit 451 consists of a democracy whereas the Hunger Games government is corrupt and resembles nothing of a democracy. even off t hough we may see the world of Fahrenheit 451 as strange and bad there is still a democracy, which we consider to be fair. A affinity between the two governments systems would be how they both suppress things much like it is today, that each government believes could hurt the stability of society. The Hunger Games government suppresses interaction between districts to instill conformity because they know if there was interaction it could cause unhappiness and take away from the level of cooperation between the people and the government.